An annually the need of a person for pure fresh water is increasing. In addition to the fact that water is used in nutrition, we significantly increase its consumption to improve our comfort: baths, toilets, dishwashers, washing machines. In the light of such events, the question is acutely arose about the removal of effluents in private houses and cleaning data data. The simplest solution is, of course, the connection to the central city sewage. But this is possible if the house is within the city. Behind his line, this option disappears and does not fit. Far outside the city, every house needs to be acutely in the organization of an autonomous waste disposal system. This system should first not apply the time to the environment and to a person in the first place. The main schemes of wastewater drainage, with all the variety of solutions, are one way or another three. The first consists in the temporary insulation of water with subsequent pumping. Biological purification in two stages uses natural decay processes. The third version of wastewater treatment is deep intense anaerobic wastewater cleaning. If a decision has been made to equip a suburban autonomous sewer, it must be understood that the main part of the funds will absorb the wastewater treatment system, and not a beautiful plumbing, expensive design. Absolutely any suburban building needs a wastewater treatment system in the same way as in the water source in principle. In addition to the fact that wastewater treatment is divided according to technological procedures for incomplete cleaning, full of biological and deep, it is possible to separate installations for cleaning wastewater by the type of cleaning products used. These can be biofilters that purify water using a biological film, filters with living microorganisms of active silt – aerotics, combined structures, which include the advantages of both biofilles and microorganisms. Local or individual wastewater treatment systems are becoming increasingly popular among customers. This is due to the fact that only they can provide maximum water purification and cause minimal harm to the world around him. The general principles of wastewater treatment do not differ. First of all, water receives the treatment with pumps or gravity. Directly in the structure, water is cleaned by biological processing. In the process of this processing, the drain decomposes into two components: insoluble feces and water, the so -called “lightened drains”. The further fate of these components is that the clarified drains go to technical needs, drop into water bodies or go to watering, and feces are most often processed into a useful agricultural fertilizer. Thus, we get nozzle production, which makes it possible to save and benefit. The first alternative solution against the cesspool is the purification of household wastewater using biological components. Septic tank is nothing more than a sump located underground. It can consist of one or more compartments that sequentially pass water through themselves. Septics make mechanical cleaning by defending wastewater and partial biological due to the breakdown of organic compounds. Gases released during the decay are removed, which provides flotation cleaning. Bacteria of methane fermentation break down complex organic molecules into simple. This makes it possible to clean the drains by 40% of organic compounds. Further, the drains are processed in a layer of crushed stone under the action of a biological film. Replacing a filter layer in this building is necessary once every 5-7 years. This type of wastewater treatment is suitable if the living area is located on soils adapted for filtering, such as sand, sand. In the region of 25 meters from the septic tank should not be wells, wells and other sources of drinking water. It is necessary to clean the septic tank from insoluble feces once a year. The cost of such a treatment plant is relatively small, but there are a number of restrictions regarding the proximity of groundwater and water sources for eating. Nevertheless, septic tanks have their undeniable advantage – their work does not depend on the availability of energy supply on the site. The most effective are wastewater purification stations based on the life of microorganisms, which should initially be in wastewater. Such systems are self -supporting, which are simply mounted in the ground and unnecessary, enclosed in reinforced concrete wells. The second type of stations is provided for the location of vehicles and a large number of wastewater. They function without a bacterial “sourdough”. This water purification station requires the smallest amount of installation time. All equipment is connected to the house sewer, covered with earth, leaving only working hatches on the surface. The artificial air supply used in this wastewater treatment system significantly accelerates the biological processing of drains. In this case, harmful biological substances by splitting turn into harmless. The primary sump is a septic tank, then there is a compartment of activation and, finally, a sump. In the primary compartment, floating pollution from heavy. A primary cleaned ghoul fluid is already sent to the activator, where air bubbles rise from the bottom. The oxygen environment allows microorganisms to oxidize and absorb organic substances. As a result of such processing, silt is separated from the purified water and sent back to the first compartment. This installation of wastewater purification allows you to get water cleaned by 98% of polluting components. As a result, pure water is sent to the ground. The device is installed in a pre -prepared ditch of the required size and depth. These structures have the following advantages: they are much smaller in size of septic tanks and cesspools, they purify water by almost 100%, siltation can only occur after more than a decade, which eliminates the need for annual “dirty” work. The main drawback is the compressor work from electricity. Without the availability of electricity, the treatment facility turns into a simple septic tank.
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