The strip foundation is a continuous or intermittent tape under the supporting walls. Collective tape foundations are recommended to be designed using typical slabs according to GOST 13580-85 or GOST 13579-78*. Monolithic foundations are the simplicity of installation. The technological process is limited to the creation of formwork (the use of both removable and non -removable formwork), into which the mixture actually laid. As you can see, it does not require what kind of heavy technique (with the exception of an excavator required to create the foundation bed)
According to SNiP, monolithic foundations are classified into strip, columnar and continuous.
The main parameters of any type of foundation is the depth of laying, the thickness of the foundation and the width of the sole. The thickness of the foundation can be taken equal or less thickness of the supporting wall. However, in any case, the overhang should not exceed 130 mm.
In particular, strip foundations are used when the soil under the building has a small bearing capacity, and it is necessary to distribute the weight of the building to a large area. The strip foundation of superficial deepening is the cheapest, but is inferior in reliability to the foundations of deep laying.
Also, when designing the foundation, it is necessary to take into account the freezing of the soil in winter, which causes the shift of soils not only in the vertical but also in the horizontal direction.
The columnar foundations are used less often, and only in cases where the use of strip is economically ineffective or impossible for any technological reasons.
Continuous foundations in the form of a reinforced concrete slab are arranged under the entire area of the building. They are used if the precipitate of the building is unacceptable or if soils have a very low bearing capacity. As a rule, the thickness of the plates does not exceed 600 mm. This type of foundation is very laborious, in connection with which its use is very limited.
During the construction of private cottages, and those wooden, as a rule, use monolithic columnar foundations, since such a foundation by its bearing capacity is almost perfect for low -rise construction. The use of this type of support foundation not only allows you to save money and time, but also not to limit yourself in a volume-planning solution of the cottage itself.