You need to know which foundation for the house is best in your case. There are factors that are of the most important meaning in calculating the design of the foundation for the house
A solid spacious house or a small house in a summer cottage is a cherished dream that can become a reality. You are going to build a house with your own hands or order a turnkey house in a construction company, you need to know which foundation for the house is best for your case.
Mistakes made during the laying of the foundation are able to lead to shedding and cracking of the walls and even to the complete destruction of the house. It is believed that 20% of the cost of the entire structure is the optimal cost of the foundation. Savings at this stage of construction can lead to the consequences of very sad, but quite natural and predictable.
Before proceeding with the construction of the house, it is necessary to determine with maximum accuracy:
groundwater level,
The degree of homogeneity of soil under the sole foundation,
soil tendency to deformation.
All these factors are of the most important meaning in calculating the design of the foundation. In addition, the choice of the foundation for the house depends on the purpose of the built building, number of storeys, material for the construction of walls. You may have to strengthen the soil, lay a more powerful foundation, make enhanced waterproofing. This increases the cost of construction, but the durability of the house largely depends on the reliability of the foundation.
Depending on the type of support to the soil and shape, the foundations are divided into three types: tape, columnar and slab. The main material for foundations is reinforced concrete.
1. Ribbon foundations. The technology of their manufacture is simple, but laborious and material -cost. Under all the external and supporting internal walls of the building, the tape of thick walls made of concrete, brick, stone or blocks is laid. Depending on the designed wall thickness and the material used for their construction, the thickness of the tape is calculated. The depth of the trench is usually 20 centimeters exceeds the depth of freezing of the soil (buried foundation) no deeper than 70 centimeters in a slightly polluted version. The foundations of the strip type are used in the construction of stone, brick or concrete buildings. If a basement or underground garage is planned in the house, a strip foundation is also used.
2. Column foundations. In all points with increased load – at the corners of the building, under the pieces, in places of intersections of the internal walls – pillars are installed, most often made of reinforced concrete. For the strength of the structure, strapping metal or reinforced concrete beams are laid at the top. A columnar foundation for a home, the price of which is much cheaper than the costs of the foundation of the tape type, can be used in the construction of light wooden or shield houses without a basement.
3. Slab foundations. Under the entire area of the building is a monolithic plate made of reinforced concrete, which usually serves as the basis of the floor. It’s hard to find the foundation for the house more reliable. This type can be used in areas with any soil characteristics. It is suitable for the construction of both powerful brick and lighter wooden and timber buildings.